ABSTRACT
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The progression of Alzheimer’s disease will ultimately lead to dementia, behavioral and cognitive impairments. Increased level of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase AChE plays a key role in hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) which worsens the condition of cognitive dysfunction. Several drug of natural origin are known to possess AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity of the plant Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. Leaves of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk was extracted with Chloroform, n-Hexane, Ethanol and mixture of Ethanol: water (6:4) (hydro-alcoholic extract) using soxhlet extraction. All the four extracts were examined for In-vitro anti-cholinesterase by Ellman’s method and antioxidant activity by DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. Results obtained from the study clearly demonstrates that all four extract has shown promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity in hydro alcoholic extract reveals the best inhibition potential with IC50 49.03 μg /ml. Similarly all the extracts projects significant antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with IC50 value ranging from 19.64 to 88.63 μg /ml and in Hydrogen peroxide assay with IC50 value ranging from 56.79 to 137.3 μg /ml.
ABSTRACT
Background: Metabolic surgical procedures have been shown to improve diabetes, but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effects of Morinda tinctoria Roxb (MTR) fruit extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Albino wistar rats with STZ-induced diabetes were divided into four groups: citrate buffer, troglitazone (TGZ; 36 mg/kg), methanolic fruit extract of MTR (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg body weight)-administrated groups. Five, 10, and 15 days after administration of each drug, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glutathione (GSH), and serum ceruloplasmin levels were measured. Results: MTR at the high dose (100 mg/kg bodyweight) produced a significant reduction in the FBG level with increase in blood GSH level. This reduction was much less than that in the FBG produced by TGZ. Treatments with TGZ or MTR at both doses did not alter the ceruloplasmin level significantly. Conclusion: MTR fruit extract contains compounds that could be effective in glucose tolerance impairment during diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To identify the antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activities of various extracts of Sapindus emarginatus.Materials and methods: The antihyperglycemic effects of various extracts of Sapindus emarginatus were studied in glucose-loverloaded hyperglycemic rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, creatinine, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin) of the ethanol extract S apindus emarginatus were assessed in glucose-overloaded hyperglycemic diabetic rats at two dose levels (200 and 400 mg/kg).Results: The aqueous, crude aqueous and petroleum ether extracts showed significant activity, but this activity was not as significant as the ethanol extract in the oral glucose-tolerance test. The ethanolic extract of Sapindus emarginatus also exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect in fasted normal rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with the ethanolic extract restored the elevated biochemical parameters significantly. The activity was dose-dependent.Conclusion: The antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of this plant could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins present in the extract.